In 2040, one-quarter of Americans and nearly one-half of Italians and Japanese will be over 65. These demograhpic trends will have large and growing impacts on health, healthcare and business: on employment, workforce age, productivity, benefit plans and costs, markets, products and tax schemes. This publication describes ten key health topics, including disease, environment and health, prevention and personal responsibility, health systems and information technology. Each topic is illustrated in a 2-page vignette, which provides a series of facts, trends and implications for business.