Financial Institutions investing in mineral exploration, mine site development and metals production are increasingly aware of the environmental and social risks associated with these activities. Governments, multilateral agencies, labour; environmental groups, and civil society are now demanding higher standards with regards to environmental, social, and economic issues. The objective of this report is to assist financiers in better understanding the mineral development process from exploration, through development to mine closure and land reclamation, and to inform them of all related risks.