This report contains an overview of the Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development (MMSD) project’s analysis and engagement on the relationship between indigenous peoples and the mining and minerals sector. Along with an overview of relevant MMSD work, the report includes edited versions of three research reports commissioned by MMSD to address different aspects of that relationship. These address the status of indigenous peoples in relation to mining and minerals under international and national legal systems, and assess the overall issues, challenges and dynamics associated with encounters between indigenous peoples and the mining and minerals sector.