This publication helps policy makers select the best options and programmes for reducing and eventually eliminating the use of lead in gasoline.

In March and April 1999, UNEP IETC and the Technical Cooperation Council of the Philippines of the Department of Foreign Affairs collaborated to conduct an International Training on Environmental Management (ITEM) for Least Developed Countries. Based on this training, this workbook is designed to encourage and facilitate a wider dissemination of the EM tools, such as Environmental Technology Assessment (EnTA), Environmental Risk Assessment (EnRA), Rapid Urban Environmental Assessment (RUEA), Environmental Profiling (EP) and Environmental Management Systems (EMS).

With new scientific concepts on the characteristics of new ozone depleting substances and specifications with the update of research on the ODP's of short-lived substances.