This third annual edition of Climate Action focuses on some of the major issues for resolution in Copenhagen and the actors who can help to implement the solutions. Progress will require commitment and cooperation. Partnerships will be central, both in Copenhagen and beyond. This edition features a range of articles which include Human Impact, Policy, Business and Finance, Technology, Energy, Transport, Ecosystem Services, Built Environment and a Regional Focus on Canada.

Technology transfer - the development of practical applications and commercialization of research for positive environmental outcomes - is the crux of many of the 230 international environmental treaties. It is also widely viewed as essential to the Kyoto Protocol and success in the global fight against climate change.

In the following chapters, new information on the effects of increased UV radiation will be discussed in more detail, with special attention given to the role of interactions between ozone depletion and climate change.

This Handbook, which updates the 2000 edition, incorporates all the adjustments, amendments and the decisions of the Parties up to the end of 2002. In addition, it gives valuable information on the implementation of these international environmental treaties.

Subsequent Meetings of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol have taken a number of decisions, which request actions by the UNEP Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP). Responses of the TEAP to several of the 2002 requests, as well as responses to requests made in earlier Meetings of the Parties, are presented in this May 2003 report.